Schistocyte (Fragment)

Fragmented cells are not found in normal blood. Sharp fragments may reflect “microangiopathic” damage – this form of fragmentation may therefore represent a medical emergency and should be reported immediately. More rounded fragments arise in significant dyserythropoiesis (such as severe myelodysplasia, membrane disorder or megaloblastic states), these are also important to diagnosis, but have a different origin.

https://haematologyetc.co.uk/index.php?title=Fragmented_cells

Shearing processes (produce sharp fragments)

  • Fibrin strands
  • Microangiopathic hemolysis: thrombotic thrombocytic purpura, hemolytic uraemic syndrome, pregnancy associated – HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count), or pre-eclampsia.
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Myelofibrosis
 

Turbulent blood flow

  • Valvular heart disease
  • Hemangiosarcoma
 

Fragile erythrocytes

  • Congenital dyserythropoiesis
  • Myelodysplasia
  • Severe hematinic deficiency
  • Severe membrane disorder
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